Childress County is located in the northern part of Texas and is part of the Texas Panhandle region. The county seat is Childress. The county was founded in 1876. The county was part of the vast area once known as the XIT Ranch.

Childress County is governed by a Commissioners Court, which consists of four commissioners elected from single-member districts and a county judge elected at-large. The county judge presides over the court, but does not vote except to break a tie. The county government is responsible for providing services such as law enforcement, road maintenance, and tax collection.

Agriculture is the primary economic activity in Childress County; cotton, wheat, and sorghum are the county's most important crops. Oil production is also a major industry.

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