Dukes County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The county seat is Edgartown. The county consists of the islands of Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands.

Dukes County is part of the Barnstable, MA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the second-smallest county by land area in Massachusetts.

The county government is composed of a Board of County Commissioners, which is the legislative body, and an executive branch headed by a County Manager. The County Commissioners are elected from the six towns in the county. The County Manager is appointed by the Commissioners.

The county is also served by a District Attorney, a Sheriff, and a Probate Court. The Sheriff is responsible for law enforcement on the islands, while the District Attorney is responsible for prosecuting criminal cases. The Probate Court handles matters related to wills, estates, and guardianships.

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