Nolan County is located in the western part of Texas and is part of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is Sweetwater.

Nolan County is governed by a four-member Commissioners Court, with each member elected from a single-member district. The county judge presides as chairman. Other members include the county clerk, district clerk, sheriff, and tax assessor-collector.

Nolan County is served by the Sweetwater Independent School District. The district has four elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.

The economy of Nolan County is largely based on agriculture and oil and gas production. The county is also home to several manufacturing and distribution companies.

Nolan County is served by two major highways, Interstate 20 and U.S. Route 84. The county is also served by the Sweetwater Municipal Airport.

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