Scotland County is located in the northeast corner of Missouri and is bordered by Clark County to the north, Schuyler County to the east, Adair County to the south, and Knox County to the west. The county covers an area of 517 square miles. The county seat is Memphis, which is located in the center of the county. The county was organized February 14, 1841.

Scotland County is part of the Kirksville, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Scotland County Commission is the governing body of the county. It consists of three members elected from each of the three districts in the county. The commission meets on the first Monday of each month at the Scotland County Courthouse in Memphis.

The county is home to several small towns, including Arbela, Bible Grove, and Granger. The county is served by two school districts, Scotland County R-I and Scotland County R-II. The county is also home to the Scotland County Memorial Hospital, which provides medical care to the residents of the county.

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