Wise County is located in the southwestern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of the Appalachian region and is bordered by Kentucky to the west, Tennessee to the south, and Virginia's Russell, Scott, Lee, and Buchanan counties to the east and north. The county seat is Wise.

The county was formed in 1856 from Lee, Scott, and Russell counties. The county has a total area of 511 square miles, of which 507 square miles is land and 4.2 square miles is water.

The county is governed by a seven-member Board of Supervisors, elected from seven magisterial districts. The county is also served by a sheriff, a commonwealth's attorney, a treasurer, and a commissioner of the revenue.

The county is home to the University of Virginia's College at Wise, a public liberal arts college. The county also has a number of public schools, including Wise County High School, J.J. Kelly High School, and Central High School.

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